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Lakhs of tribals in Gujarat moved to rich Bt cotton farms of Saurashtra and North Gujarat to make a living as farm workers. But are also moving to areas where industrialization, and subsequent urbanization, has begun to take shape in a big way. The places where tribals are going are not just traditional spots like Ahmedabad, Surat and Rajkot, as was in the past. They are now going to Dahej, where the Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical Industrial Region is taking shape; to Dholera Special Investment Region; to the belt starting from Sanand to Bechraji and beyond, which is all set to emerge as an automobile hub. The entire Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor has become a major draw to tribals with real estate activity rising in a big way. Wages tribals get as construction workers are much higher than what they manage in tribal areas or on farms. "Their per day wages in construction is between Rs 250 and Rs 300, which is double what they are paid under National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)", said Vipul Pandya, who runs an NGO working with migrant labour, adding, "Under NREGS, tribals often become victims of fraud, and get as low as Rs 70 or 80 per day." In 2012, tribal agriculturists suffered heavily because of late rains. Corn, which has become a major earner for them lately, thanks to genetically modified seed provided by multinationals like Monsanto with state support, has been adversely affected. The Bt cotton crop in Saurashtra and North Gujarat has suffered too. There is, of course, a wide inter-district variation in tribal migration within Gujarat. While migration from Dahod and Dangs is with families, in some areas up to 70% of them migrate, as there their subsistence level is very low, as for other areas - Panchmahals, Sabarkantha, Chhotaudepur, Bharuch and Valsad - mainly the males migrate, while females remain at home, looking after children and going to NREGS sites for work.
Keywords
Gujarat, tribals, inter-district variation, tribal migration, NREGS, males, females, work, Ahmedabad, Surat and Rajkot, living, farm, workers, industrialization, urbanization, Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical, Delhi-Mumbai, construction workers, farms, wages, NGO, working, agriculturists, Bt cotton crop,
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