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The study done by Centre for Policy Research claims that when it comes to attracting well-educated migrants, Mumbai lags way behind Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kolkata—its share is a paltry 15.3%. The study, called ‘How to govern India’s megacities: Towards needed transformation’, was carried out in the basis of data that was available for 2001 to 2008. According to its findings, Bangalore, at 47.7%, got the lion’s share of “highly educated migrants” (graduates and post -graduates), followed by Chennai at 36.6%, Kolkata at 36.2% and another southern city, Hyderabad at 29%. Delhi is not part of the study perhaps because it was classified as a state rather than a megacity. According to Prof S Parasuraman, director of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, the results of the survey could be partly explained by the fact that though Mumbai still continues to be the hub of the manufacturing industry, the latter has become high-tech and capital-intensive and hence does not require highly educated people but smaller workers in its ancillary units. “Cities like Bangalore and Hyderabad, on the other hand, have recently come up as IT cities, which need more qualified people. Hence the migration of educated people to these cities is more than to Mumbai.” Another face of migration that the report looks at is intrastate migration (movement of people within the same state or from surrounding districts into megacities). Here too, Bangalore attracted the highest percentage of highly educated migrants (33.8%) followed by Chennai (29.2%) and Hyderabad (25.3%). Mumbai stood fourth at 20.2%, a whisker ahead of Kolkata (19.6%). As is perhaps evident, interstate migration (movement from one state to another) was overwhelmingly more in Mumbai than the other sample cities. “A sample of two districts based on the National Sample Survey data for each metropolitan region was analysed,” it said. Only 15% of educated migrants are attracted to the city, a study has shown. “A sample study showed that except in the case of Mumbai, where interstate migration is more than intrastate, in all the other metropolises intrastate migration was the principal component of the migrant quantum,” stated the study, adding, “In the case of Hyderabad, both the NSS and census data indicated that interstate migrant flows have been limited. In Ranga Reddy district of Hyderabad, which has witnessed high growth in the past two decades, almost the entire quantum of migration is from within the state. Similar is the case for Howrah and North 24 Parganas districts of Kolkata. This situation is replicated in Chennai and Banglore as well.” The data suggested that while Mumbai had 61% to 63% interstate migrants, the number of intrastate migrants remained between 36% and 37% between 2001 and 2008. Interestingly, Thane had 68% to 71% intrastate migrants as against 26% to 30% inter-state migrants. The study also suggests that migrants from within the state preferred to live in satellite townships like Thane and Navi Mumbai while those from other states chose to live within city limits. The report said an accurate analysis on this line would have to await migration figures from the 2011 census which are not expected to be available before 2014. However, a limited exercise has been carried out using the data available from NSS. “The analysis also showed that while migration continues to be a significant factor in the growth of these metropolitan regions, it is still not a predominant factor. Further, much of this migration is from within the state and not from others states,” the report stated, pointing out that the overall contribution of migration to urban growth in the 1991-2001 inter-census period was only about 21%.
Keywords
intrastate migrants, Census, migration, metropolitan regions, urban growth, inter-census period, NSS, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kolkata, Bangalore, megacity, Mumbai, Hyderabad, IT, Thane and Navi Mumbai, high-tech and capital-intensive, well-educated migrants, graduates and post -graduates
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