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In Anantapur district of south western Andhra Pradesh being a farmer is all about hard, backbreaking work and no rewards. Severe water scarcity has ensured that crop failures and debt traps are a part of everyday life. In fact, in the last 15 years, this region has only seen two successful harvests. With around 553 mm of rain annually, local farmers mainly rely on ground water for irrigation. What these marginalised farmers, women in particular, need desperately are strategies that can enable them to adapt to the water crisis they are facing. Says Bhanuja, Even though suicides and distress migration of farmers and agricultural workers to construction sites and other industries in the unorganised sector in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka has become common, the state government does not seem to be interested in taking sufficient proactive steps, such as providing easy credit or building infrastructure for water conservation. Of course, the introduction of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has reduced the outward seasonal movement of local farmers from 50 per cent to 30 per cent in Anantapur, but the administration needs to shift focus from providing immediate relief to long term rehabilitation.
Keywords
distress migration, water, farming, agricultural labourers, marginal farmers, conservation, MGNREGA, Andhra Pradesh, Anantapur
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