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When authorities in Macao, China, recently uncovered a prostitution ring, the most shocking aspect of the case was that its alleged mastermind was a 16-year-old boy from Chongqing. The teenager represents an extreme example of a larger problem that sees millions of China’s minors not attend school. China is undergoing unprecedented urbanisation. As vast as the urbanisation is, no village in any corner of the country can avoid being swept up in this process. When adults leave their homes in rural areas and head to the cities to work, they either leave their children behind with relatives or bring them along. Because of the household registration system, also known as hukou, which links access to public services to residential status, the children of migrant workers are often refused admission to schools in cities. This means that no matter their origin or ethnicity, the children of migrant workers are particularly vulnerable to delinquency. Without relatives and schools to protect them—and both are indispensable—many of these children lack the proper care, direction, and education they need at a very early age. In the best-case scenarios, guardianship is given to grandparents, but even then there are problems. Children brought along to the cities do not necessarily do any better. To date, despite repeated public calls, the country’s education authorities have done little to address the problem. While migrant workers usually do not have problems finding work in the cities, their children’s schooling is another matter. Nonpublic schools run by caring people or by migrants themselves are mostly illegal on the grounds that they do not comply with standards. Meanwhile, local schools make it as hard as possible for migrant children to gain admission. In Beijing, parents are required to submit five documents, such as work certificates, residency permits, and documents signed by hometown authorities, before the school will admit a child. In essence, it’s a way of controlling the capital’s population by limiting the educational opportunities of migrant children.
Keywords
Children, migrant, villages, China, delinquents, urbanisation, education, family
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