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Highlighting the hidden contribution of women to the Indian economy, the Economic Survey 2015-16 has said it was high time that the unpaid work done by women was valued properly.Womens work gets subsumed under several types of activities, the Survey released ahead of the Union Budget said. It notes that conventional employment and unemployment surveys had not been able to capture the various types of unpaid work that women engage in both within and outside households in rural and urban areas in India.Globally, mens share in paid work is around 1.8 times that of women, while women have a share three times that of men in unpaid work. Therefore, paid work which is visible and accounted for by the System of National Accounts (SNA) is dominated by men, while unpaid work which is not accounted for is dominated by women and remains unrecognised and unaccounted for.Citing the findings of the Time Use Survey (TUS) conducted in India in six select states on a pilot basis from July 1998 to June 1999, the survey said that out of 168 hours in a week, males on an average spent about 42 hours in System of National Accounts(SNA)-captured activities as compared to only about 19 hours by females.However, in the extended SNA activities, women spent 34.6 hours which included unpaid work at home and outside, as opposed to only about 3.6 hours by men. The declining female participation rates in conventional surveys are largely explained by the high share of women in unpaid work. The Survey also said that female LFPR(Labour Force Participation Rate) was amongst the lowest in the world and the second lowest in South Asia after Pakistan. The participation of women in the labour force and employment rates are heavily impacted by economic, social and cultural issues and care work distributions in the home.The Economic Survey has also pointed out to the large share of the informal sector in providing jobs, and called for giving due importance to the sector for achieving the development objectives.The survey has pointed out that during 2004-5 to 2011-12, the share of the informal sector in total employment remained above 90 per cent .While growth and economic development ought to ensure adequate livelihood security and decent working conditions, the growth in informal employment and its heterogeneity have to be given due consideration to achieve the stated development objectives, it said.The Government should catalyse job creation and ensure ease of doing business while safeguarding safety, health and social security of all workers in both the organised and unorganised sectors, it said.The share of informal employment in the organised sector increased from 48 per cent to 54.6 per cent in 2004-5 to 2011-12.Coming to the organised sector, the Survey noted that employment growth in the organised sector, public and private combined, increased by 2.0 per cent in 2012 over 2011, as against a growth of 1.0 per cent in 2011 over 2010.The annual growth rate for the private sector was 4.5 per cent in 2012 against a growth of 5.6 per cent in 2011; whereas the public sector registered a marginal growth of 0.4 per cent in 2012 against a decline of 1.8 per cent in 2011.UNI NAZ SV 0916
Keywords
women, Indian economy, Economic Survey, Union Budget, employment, unemployment, unpaid work, System of National Accounts, female participation rate, Labour force participation rate, South Asia, organised, unorganised sector
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